FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2009
ECO401- Economics (Session - 2)
Time: 120 min
M a r k s: 87
Question No: 1 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
A good for which income and quantity demanded are inversely related is known as:
► Inferior good.
► Complementary good.
► Normal good.
► None of the given options.
Question No: 2 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Suppose your local public golf course increases the greens fees for using the course. If the demand for golf is relatively inelastic, you would expect:
► A decrease in total revenue received by the course.
► An increase in total revenue received by the course.
► No change in total revenue received by the course.
► An increase in the amount of golf played on the course.
Question No: 3 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
If the income elasticity of demand for boots is 0.2, a 10% increase in consumer's income will lead to a:
► 20 percent decrease in the quantity of boots demanded.
► 2 percent increase in the quantity of boots demanded.
► 0.2 percent increase in the quantity of boots demanded.
► 20 percent increase in the quantity of boots demanded.
Question No: 4 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
When the marginal utility of a good is zero, this implies that:
► The consumer would not spend any additional income to buy more of that good.
► Consumption of additional units would have positive marginal utility.
► Total utility is minimized.
► Total utility is also zero.
Question No: 5 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
An individual with a constant marginal utility of income will be:
► Risk loving.
► Risk neutral.
► Risk averse.
► Insufficient information for a decision.
Question No: 6 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
At any given point on an indifference curve, the absolute value of the slope equals:
► Unity--otherwise there would be no indifference.
► The marginal rate of substitution.
► The consumer’s marginal utility.
► None of the given options.
Question No: 7 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
If at the profit-maximizing quantity, profits are positive,then:
► Price < Average Total Cost.
► Price > Average Total Cost.
► Price < Average Variable Cost.
► Price = Marginal Cost.
Question No: 8 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is true in long run equilibrium for a firm in a monopolistic competitive industry?
► The demand curve is tangent to marginal cost curve.
► The demand curve is tangent to average cost curve.
► The marginal cost curve is tangent to average cost curve.
► The demand curve is tangent to marginal revenue curve.
Question No: 9 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
If income elasticity is negative, the good is:
► Normal good.
► A substitute good.
► A complementary good.
► Inferior good.
Question No: 10 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Welfare economics is the branch of economics which deals with:
► Positive issues.
► Normative issues.
► Micro issues.
► Macro issues.
Question No: 11 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
For a firm buying labor competitively, the marginal input cost is equal to the:
► Wage.
► Interest rate.
► Price of output.
► Cost of raw materials.
Question No: 12 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following would cause the short run aggregate supply curve to shift to the left but have no effect over the long run aggregate supply curve?
► The amount of factors of production (such as labor and capital) increases.
► The amount of factors of production (such as labor and capital) decreases.
► Prices of inputs (such as wages or oil prices) increase.
► Prices of inputs (such as wages or oil prices) decrease.
Question No: 13 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
During periods of high unemployment, the preferred policy of Keynesian economics is:
► A recessionary gap.
► Expansionary fiscal policy.
► Contractionary monetary policy.
► Waiting for self-correction to work.
Question No: 14 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The Phillips curve will shift to the right:
► If there is a decrease in the expected inflation rate.
► If there is an increase in the expected inflation rate.
► If there is a decrease in the natural rate of unemployment.
► If there is a favorable supply shock.
(zh,vuzs)
Question No: 15 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
A nation's balance of payments can be affected by changes in:
► Foreign income.
► The differential between domestic and foreign interest rates.
► The real exchange rate.
► All of the given options.
Question No: 16 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
What does the term "balance of payment deficit" refer to?
► An increase in official international reserves.
► A positive statistical discrepancy.
► A negative statistical discrepancy.
► A decline in official international reserves.
Question No: 17 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following may cause an increase in national income?
► Rise in exports.
► Rise in imports.
► Fall in consumer spending.
► Increase in saving.
Question No: 18 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The principle which states that a change in investment causes a magnified change in income is termed as the:
► Water paradox.
► Paradox of thrift.
► Accelerator effect.
► Multiplier effect.
Question No: 19 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Demand is elastic when the elasticity of demand is:
► Greater than 0 but less than 1.
► Greater than 1.
► Less than 0.
► Equal to 1.
Question No: 20 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
For price making firm, at the profit-maximizing level of output, what is TRUE of the total revenue (TR) and total cost (TC) curves?
► They must intersect with TC cutting TR from below.
► They must intersect with TC cutting TR from above.
► They must be tangent to each other.
► They must have the same slope.
Question No: 21 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is required to make the equation of exchange in the quantity theory of money?
► V and Q are assumed to be constant.
► The money supply is assumed to be produced by the banking system and not exclusively in currency.
► The quantity of money is assumed to determine the amount of Real GDP.
► M and P are considered constant.
Question No: 22 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
What will be the impact of a decrease in the money supply in an economy?
► Interest rate increases, investment and GDP reduce.
► Interest rate increases, investment increases and GDP reduce.
► Interest rate reduces, investment and GDP increase.
► Interest rate reduces, investment and GDP reduce.
Question No: 23 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
A growing country is one with:
► Rising GNP at constant prices.
► Rising GNP at current prices.
► Constant GNP at constant prices.
► None of the given options.
Question No: 24 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
According to Classical economists, macroeconomic equilibrium will occur in an economy if:
► Savings = Investment
► Government spending = Taxes
► Exports = Imports
► All of the given conditions hold.
Question No: 25 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The process of converting a stream of future incomes and expenses into a present value is known as:
► Discounting.
► Compounding.
► Hyperbolic discounting.
► None of the given options.
Question No: 26 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is the best example of a public good?
► A cup of coffee.
► A monthly magazine.
► A haircut.
► An interstate highway.
Question No: 27 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Refer to the above figure, the potential output in this economy is:
► $7,000 billion at a price level of 1.16.
► $7,000 billion at a price level of 1.12.
► $7,000 billion at a price level of 1.08.
► All of the given options.
Question No: 28 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The Keynesian revolution in macroeconomics was that:
► Capitalist economies were self-correcting.
► A gold standard was not necessary to control inflation.
► Unemployment can be viewed as being voluntary.
► Government has a role in maintaining full employment.
Question No: 29 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The natural rate of unemployment is likely to fall if:
► Unemployment benefits increase.
► Income tax increases.
► More training is available for the unemployed.
► Geographical immobility increases.
Question No: 30 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The relationship between inflation and unemployment is usually that:
► Unemployment changes do not directly lead to changes in inflation, but inflation changes may cause changes in unemployment.
► As unemployment falls, nothing happens to inflation.
► As unemployment falls, inflation falls.
► As unemployment falls, inflation increases.
Question No: 31 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
When agents base their decisions on their expectations about inflation, it is known as:
► Quantity theory of money.
► Money illusion.
► Demand pull inflation.
► Cost push inflation.
Question No: 32 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
| Disposable Personal Income $ | Consumption $ |
| 100 | 140 |
| 200 | 220 |
| 300 | 300 |
| 400 | 380 |
| 500 | 460 |
Refer to the above table, when disposable personal income is $400, what is the amount of personal saving?
► −$40.
► −$20.
► $0.
► $20.
Question No: 33 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Economic growth occurs when there is an increase in:
► Wage rates.
► The inflation rate.
► Aggregate demand.
► The productive capacity of an economy.
Question No: 34 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Development is impossible without:
► Incentive to profit.
► Foreign aid.
► Domestic savings.
► Inflation.
Question No: 35 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following determines a country’s rate of growth?
► The average propensity to save.
► The interaction of supply and demand.
► The law of comparative costs.
► The rate of capital accumulation.
Question No: 36 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is not likely to be a cause of economic growth?
► Improved rate of capital formation.
► Increase in money supply.
► Increase in investment in education and training.
► Rapid technical progress.
Question No: 37 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Suppose that a country is in a steady state condition. It implements policies to increase the saving rate of its economy. What will be TRUE at the new steady state level?
► Output per worker will grow more rapidly than before.
► The level of output per worker will be higher than before.
► The amount of capital per worker will be the same as before.
► All of the given options.
Question No: 38 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The rapid population growth in today’s developing nations is due to the:
► High birth rates only.
► Low death rates only.
► High birth rate and low death rate.
► Higher standard of living.
Question No: 39 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
A tax in which people pay the same percentage of income in taxes regardless of their incomes is called:
► Value-added tax.
► Regressive tax.
► Proportional tax.
► Progressive tax.
Question No: 40 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline are categorized as:
► Sales tax.
► Excise tax.
► Corporate income tax.
► Personal income tax.
Question No: 41 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is part of M1?
I. Savings deposits.
II. Cash in your hand.
III. Checking deposits.
► I and III.
► II and III.
► I only.
► II only.
Question No: 42 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is TRUE about credit cards?
► It is not money.
► It is not money, because they can't be used to purchase goods and services.
► It is considered to be money.
► It is counted as a part of M2 but not M1.
Question No: 43 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
In a period of recession, credit creation is:
► Small.
► Heavy.
► Unchanged.
► Zero.
Question No: 44 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
In a period of boom, credit creation is:
► Small.
► Heavy.
► Unchanged.
► Zero.
Question No: 45 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
International finance is the study of economics that deals with:
► The balance of trade.
► The macroeconomic consequences of financial flows associated with international trade.
► International investment opportunities for American multinational corporations.
► The relationships among world currency dealers.
Question No: 46 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is a characteristic of low income countries?
► Higher rates of population growth.
► Greater government control.
► A larger share of income used for investment.
► A smaller proportion of the labor force in agriculture.
Question No: 47 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is TRUE about low income countries?
► Their production level is low.
► All of the given are true.
► Their savings are low.
► Their investment level is low.
Question No: 48 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Poor countries remained poor because of:
► Higher per capita income.
► Vicious circle of poverty. ► High level of investment.
► High rates of savings.
Question No: 49 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Refer to the above figure, the marginal propensity to consume is:
► 0.25.
► 0.50.
► 0.60.
► 0.67.
Question No: 50 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following will happen if the cost of computer components falls?
► The demand curve for computers shifts to the right.
► The demand curve for computers shifts to the left.
► The supply curve for computers shifts to the right.
► The supply curve for computers shifts to the left.
Question No: 51 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Production possibilities curve will shift downward if there is:
► Immigration of skilled workers into the nation.
► An increase in the size of the working-age population.
► A decrease in the size of the working-age population.
► Increased production of capital goods.
Question No: 52 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
What will be the impact of a ban on foreign firms from selling in the domestic market?
► It will cause domestic producers competing with the imports to face huge losses.
► It will cause the supply curve to shift to the left.
► It will cause the supply curve to shift to the right.
► It will have no effect on the domestic market.
Question No: 53 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following will happen if two indifference curves cross each other?
► The assumption of a diminishing marginal rate of substitution will be violated.
► The assumption of transitivity will be violated.
► The assumption of completeness will be violated.
► Consumers will minimize their satisfaction.
Question No: 54 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
When there are diminishing returns holding at least one factor constant then:
► The marginal product of a factor is positive and rising.
► The marginal product of a factor is positive but falling.
► The marginal product of a factor is falling and negative.
► The marginal product of a factor is constant.
Question No: 55 ( M a r k s: 3 )
According to Keynesian school of thought, what should be the role of government in order to bring the economy out of depression?
Answer No: 55
Keynes introduced demand-pull theory which emphasizes strongly the intervention of government into economy.
According to him economy may be boosted up by increasing expenditure. In the initial stage government can inject money in the form of investment and higher wage rate to the government employees. This will create higher demand which in return result in more investment by firms.
Question No: 56 ( M a r k s: 5 )
In the above figure, suppose the economy is on the horizontal portion of aggregate supply (AS) curve.
a) If government expenditures increase, what will happen to the aggregate expenditure line E, aggregate demand curve AD and output level Y.
Answer No: 56 (a)
It will cause more short run demand in the economy and “e” will move to the right in P-Y space.
It will increase the consumption part of injection as well and “e” will move upward and right in W.J-Y space.
AD will curve will move to right in P-Y space resulting increasing short run output “Y”.
b) Is there any multiplier effect? How it works in this case?
Answer No:56 (b)
Yes, multiplier effect exists there.
Keynes multiplier 1/mps is the variable which determines the injection level to create an hypothetical desired output.
(M a r k s: 3+2)
Question No: 57 ( M a r k s: 5 )
World Bank suggests some structural reform policies for the poor countries to grow. Discuss those policies briefly.
Answer No: 57
These are also called IMF’s Stabilization Policies. These were concluded from neoclassical economics, known since 1990.
The objective of IMF was to ensure both through internal balance (supply=demand, i.e. low inflation, full employment) and
external balance (sustainable BOP and external debt position).
The approach was “stabilization” through “demand” management.
There are three tools of this policy as follows!
- Tight Monetary Policy
- Tight Fiscal Policy
- Devaluation
IMF Policies effected LIC’s badly. There was a very high criticism on above said policies. The main points of criticism were as follows!
- Short-term policy conflicts
- Devaluation could raise prices of imports.
- Demand-reduction policies are anti-growth: increased taxation can stifle the productive sector.
- Stabilization hurts the poor expenditure cuts almost always fall partly on the social sectors.
Question No: 58 ( M a r k s: 10 )
Recall the Equation of Quantity theory of money and calculate the missing figure in each of the following cases:
a) Money supply (M) =100, Price (P) = 3 and real output (Q) = 200. Calculate the missing figure.
Answer No: 58 (a)
MV = PQ
100xV = 3 x 200
V = 600 / 100
V = 6
b) Velocity of money (V) = 4, Price (P) = 5 and output (Q) =100. Calculate the missing figure.
Answer No: 58 (b)
MV = PQ
M x 4 = 5 x 100
M = 500 / 4
M = 125
c) Money supply (M) = 200, velocity of money (V) = 7 and output (Q) = 700. Calculate the missing figure.
Answer No: 58 (c)
MV = PQ
200 x 7 = P x 700
P = 1400 / 700
P = 2
d) Money supply (M) =150, velocity of money (V) = 8, Price level (P) = 3. Calculate the missing value.
Answer No: 58 ( d )
MV = PQ
150 x 8 = 3 x Q
Q = 1200 / 3
Q = 400
(M a r k s: 2.5 each)
Question No: 59 ( M a r k s: 10 )
International monetary fund (IMF) suggests policies of stabilization “through demand management” to reduce poverty from developing countries. Discuss those policies. Were these policies successful? If not, give reasons.
