FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2009
ECO401- Economics (Session - 3)
Time: 120 min
M a r k s: 87
Question No: 1 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Government authorities have managed to reduce the unemployment rate from 8% to 4% in a hypothetical economy. As a result:
► The economy's production possibilities curve will shift outward.
► The economy's production possibilities curve will become steeper.
► The economy will move downward along its production possibilities curve.
► The economy will move from a point inside to a point closer to its production possibilities curve.
The construction of the production possibilities curve assumes that all available resources are fully employed. A reduction in unemployment will bring the economy closer to this frontier.
Question No: 2 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
If both supply and demand increase simultaneously, the equilibrium:
► Price must rise and the equilibrium quantity must fall.
► Price must rise and the equilibrium quantity may either rise or fall.
► Quantity must rise and the equilibrium price may either rise or fall.
► Price must fall and the equilibrium quantity may either rise or fall.
Question No: 3 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
A normal good can be defined as one which consumers purchase more of as:
► Prices fall.
► Prices rise.
► Incomes fall.
► Incomes increase.
Question No: 4 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Ali initially leased one-room space and started a small day care centre with only 4 children and one staff member. But he found that the cost per child is very high. He wants to expand the centre. Which of the following will happen when Ali expand the centre?
► Economies of scale.
► Diseconomies of scale.
► Decreasing returns to the labor inputs.
► Increasing returns to the labor inputs.
Question No: 5 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Incremental cost is the same concept as:
► Average cost.
► Marginal cost.
► Fixed cost.
► Variable cost.
Question No: 6 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Graphically, marginal revenue is defined as:
► The slope of a line from the origin to a point on the total revenue curve.
► The slope of a line from the origin to the end of the total revenue curve.
► The slope of the total revenue curve at a given point.
► The vertical intercept of a line tangent to the total revenue curve at a given point.
Question No: 7 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The good produced by a monopoly:
► Has perfect substitutes.
► Has no substitutes at all.
► Has no close substitutes.
► Can be easily duplicated.
Ref. by sehar khan
In Monopoly, firm is price maker. A monopoly or a firm within monopolistic competition that has the power to influence the price it charges as the good it produces does not have perfect substitutes. A monopoly is a price maker as it holds a large amount of power over the price it charges.(same referance for b0th questions)
Question No: 8 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The maximum price that a consumer is willing to pay for a good is called:
► The reservation price.
► The market price.
► The first-degree price.
► The block price.
Question No: 9 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
A market with few entry barriers and with many firms that sell differentiated products is:
► Purely competitive.
► A monopoly.
► Monopolistically competitive.
► Oligopolistic.
Question No: 10 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Monopolistically competitive firms have monopoly power because they:
► Are great in number.
► Have freedom of entry.
► Are free to advertise.
► Face downward sloping demand curves.
Question No: 11 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The market structure in which there is interdependence among firms is:
► Monopolistic competition.
► Oligopoly.
► Perfect competition.
► Monopoly.
Question No: 12 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
When the marginal revenue product of labor is greater than the marginal input cost of labor then the profit maximizing firm will:
► Hire more labor.
► Hire less labor.
► Maintain the same employment.
► Decrease output.
Question No: 13 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following would cause the short run aggregate supply curve to shift to the left but have no effect over the long run aggregate supply curve?
► The amount of factors of production (such as labor and capital) increases.
► The amount of factors of production (such as labor and capital) decreases.
► Prices of inputs (such as wages or oil prices) increase.
► Prices of inputs (such as wages or oil prices) decrease.
Question No: 14 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is NOT a stock variable?
► Government debt.
► Capital.
► The amount of money held by the public.
► Inventory investment.
Question No: 15 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The circular flow principle guarantees that in equilibrium:
► The level of investment spending will be equal to the level of private savings.
► The level of exports will be equal to the level of imports.
► The level of aggregate demand will be equal to real Gross Domestic Product.
► The level of government spending will be equal to tax revenue.
Question No: 16 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Unemployment benefits may increase the unemployment rate because:
► Unemployment benefits reduce the cost of job search.
► Unemployment benefits encourage people to quit their jobs.
► Unemployment benefits reduce the benefits of additional job searching.
► Unemployment benefits enable people to quit searching for work.
Question No: 17 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The labour force is made up of:
► The number of people employed minus the number of people unemployed.
► The number of people employed plus the number of people unemployed.
► Just the number of people employed.
► The whole population.
Question No: 18 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The unemployment rate is equal to:
► Number of employed / labour force x 100.
► Number of unemployed / labour force.
► (Number of unemployed / labour force) x 100.
► None of the given options.
Question No: 19 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
M1 component of money supply consists of:
► Paper currency and coins.
► Paper currency, coins and check writing deposits.
► Paper currency, coins, check writing deposits and savings deposits.
► Paper currency, coins, check writing deposits, savings deposits and certificates of deposits.
Question No: 20 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Real Gross National Product (GNP) is best defined as:
► The pound value of all final goods and services produced in the economy during a particular time period and measured in current prices.
► The pound value of all goods produced for final consumption by households in a particular year and measured in constant prices.
► The current pound value of all new and used goods produced and sold in the economy during a particular time period.
► The market value of all final goods and services produced by the economy during a given time period, with prices held constant relative to some base period.
Question No: 21 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
To obtain the Net Domestic Product (NDP), start with Gross Domestic Product and subtract:
► Depreciation.
► Depreciation and indirect business taxes.
► Depreciation, indirect business taxes and corporate profits.
► Depreciation, indirect business taxes, corporate profits and social insurance contributions.
Question No: 22 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Fixed exchange rates may be preferred to floating exchange rates because with fixed exchange rates:
► There is greater stability of the exchange rate which encourages trade and investment.
► There is less likely to be a balance of payment deficit.
► There is less need for a country to hold large reserves of foreign currency.
► Interest rates can be used to meet domestic policy objectives such as keeping growth stable.
Question No: 23 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
If the simple Keynesian expenditure multiplier is 4, the Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is:
► 0.20.
► 0.25.
► 0.50.
► 0.75.
Question No: 24 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Usually the shape of production possibilities curve is:
► Concave.
► Convex.
► Linear.
► Positive.
Question No: 25 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
All of the following conditions lead to the successful operation of a cartel EXCEPT:
► Market demand for the good is relatively inelastic.
► The cartel supplies all of the world's output of the good.
► Cartel members have substantial cost advantages over non-member producers.
► The supply of non-cartel members is very price elastic.
Question No: 26 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
“Decreases in aggregate demand decrease real output but leave the price level largely unaffected”. This is the point of view of which of the following schools of thought?
► Monetarist school of thought.
► New Classical school of thought.
► Real business cycle school of thought.
► Keynesian school of thought.
Question No: 27 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Why calculations of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) count only final goods and services?
► Because it is difficult to measure the prices of intermediate goods produced.
► Because these are the only goods and services that are purchased in an economy.
► Because counting all goods and services would lead to double-counting of many activities.
► Because one cannot calculate the quantities of intermediate goods produced.
Question No: 28 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Suppose that your income increases from $80,000 to $100,000 and your consumption increases from $80,000 to $95,000. Your Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is:
► 0.20.
► 0.45.
► 0.75.
► 0.80.
Question No: 29 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following event will lead towards cost-push inflation and therefore stagflation?
► An increase in taxes on individuals.
► A decrease in real interest rates.
► A union settlement that increases wage levels.
► An increase in government purchases.
Question No: 30 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Suppose a country has flexible exchange rate and has more rapid inflation rate than other countries. What will happen to its currency in this situation?
► Its currency will appreciate.
► Its currency will depreciate.
► There will be no effect on its currency.
► All of the given options can be possible.
Question No: 31 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Suppose in an economy, a war destroys a large portion of a country's capital stock but the saving rate is unchanged. In this situation, the exogenous model predicts that output will grow and the new steady state will approach towards:
► A higher output level than before.
► The same output level as before.
► A lower output level than before.
► The Golden Rule output level.
Question No: 32 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between endogenous growth theory and the Solow growth theory?
► Endogenous growth theory is a monetary theory whereas the Solow theory is a real theory.
► Endogenous growth theory assumes diminishing returns to capital and the Solow theory assumes constant returns.
► In endogenous growth theory, economies with the same technology and saving rate need not converge to the same steady state as in the Solow model.
► All of the given options are correct.
Question No: 33 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Commercial banks in Pakistan are supervised by:
► State bank of Pakistan.
► National bank of Pakistan.
► Finance minister of Pakistan.
► World bank.
Question No: 34 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
What is the effect of double counting in national income calculations?
► Underestimation of national product.
► Overestimation of national product.
► Distortions in national product.
► Misleading conclusions about national product.
Question No: 35 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following best defines “subsidies”?
► Payment by Government for purchase of goods and services.
► Payment by business enterprises to factors of production.
► Payment by companies to share holders.
► Payment by Government to business enterprises without buying any goods and services.
Question No: 36 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The demand curve for labour can be derived from the intersection of:
► Horizontal wage rate lines and the marginal revenue product of labour.
► Vertical wage rate lines and the marginal revenue product of labour.
► Vertical wage rate lines and the marginal revenue product of capital.
► Horizontal wage rate lines and the marginal revenue product of capital.
Question No: 37 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
A movement along the aggregate demand curve is called a:
► Change in aggregate demand.
► Change in the aggregate quantity of goods and services demanded.
► Determinant of aggregate demand.
► Revealed expenditure on aggregate demand.
Question No: 38 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
In the long run, the price level is determined by:
► Aggregate demand.
► Aggregate supply.
► The government.
► Money supply.
Question No: 39 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The simple Keynesian aggregate supply curve is:
► Upward sloping as real GDP increases.
► Horizontal at GDP levels below full employment.
► Based on the concept that all unemployment is voluntary.
► Downward sloping as real GDP increases.
Question No: 40 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
In the equation of exchange, if velocity is stable in the long run then:
► %∆V = 0.
► %∆V = 1.
► %∆V is a positive constant value > 0.
► %∆V = infinity.
Question No: 41 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is TRUE for the equation MV = PQ?
► M is the money supply.
► V is the velocity.
► Q is the real output level.
► All of the given options.
Question No: 42 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The increase in the price of one country’s currency in terms of other currencies due to the market forces of demand and supply is known as:
► Revaluation.
► Devaluation.
► Appreciation.
► Depreciation.
Question No: 43 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The decrease in the price of one country’s currency in terms of other currencies due to the market forces of demand and supply is known as:
► Revaluation.
► Devaluation.
► Appreciation.
► Depreciation.
Question No: 44 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
As a definition of economic growth, an increase in real capita income is preferable to an increase in simply real GNP, because:
► Total GNP measures overall progress while per capita GNP measures improvement in productivity.
► Total GNP measures goods and services produced while per capita GNP shows improvement in efficiency.
► Total GNP figures estimate the value of a country’s total output while per capita GNP accounts for population growth and shows the availability per person of goods and services.
► All of the given options.
Question No: 45 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Suppose that a country is in a steady state condition. It implements policies to increase the saving rate of its economy. What will be TRUE at the new steady state level?
► Output per worker will grow more rapidly than before.
► The level of output per worker will be higher than before.
► The amount of capital per worker will be the same as before.
► All of the given options.
Question No: 46 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The government has a balanced budget if:
► Its total revenues are equal to its total expenditures.
► Its total revenues are less than its total expenditures.
► Its total revenues are greater than its total expenditures.
► The money supply is less than total expenditures.
Question No: 47 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Tax on wages, rent, interest, and profit, is known as:
► Direct tax.
► Indirect tax.
► Progressive tax.
► Regressive tax.
Question No: 48 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
A tax imposed by a country on an imported good or service is called a:
► Quota.
► Tariff.
► Non-tariff barrier.
► Trade embargo.
Question No: 49 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is an example of a tariff?
► A limit on the total number of Honda cars that can be imported from Japan.
► A regulation specifying that each imported Honda car must meet certain emission exhaust guidelines.
► A tax of $500 on each Honda car imported from Japan.
► A tax of 10% of the value of each Honda car purchased in Japan.
Question No: 50 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
Which of the following is (are) the characteristic(s) of high income countries as compared to low income countries?
I. Lower rates of population growth.
II. Greater income inequality.
III. A large proportion of the labor force in agriculture.
IV. Higher rates of investment.
► I only.
► I and II.
► II and IV.
► I and IV.
Question No: 51 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
The price elasticity of supply for most products differs due to capacity constraints. Which of the following is TRUE in this context?
► It is same in the long run and the short run.
► It is greater in the long run than in the short run.
► It is greater in the short run than in the long run.
► It is too uncertain to be estimated.
Question No: 52 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
What will be the impact of a ban on foreign firms from selling in the domestic market?
► It will cause domestic producers competing with the imports to face huge losses.
► It will cause the supply curve to shift to the left.
► It will cause the supply curve to shift to the right.
► It will have no effect on the domestic market.
Question No: 53 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
What is meant by the term utility?
► Useless.
► Require.
► Necessary.
► Satisfaction.
Question No: 54 ( M a r k s: 1 ) http://vuzs.net
In which of the following conditions, a welfare loss occurs in monopoly?
► Where the price is greater than the marginal cost.
► Where the price is greater than the marginal benefit.
► Where the price is greater than the average revenue.
► Where the price is greater than the marginal revenue.
Question No: 55 ( M a r k s: 3 )
Briefly discuss the concept of Pareto Efficiency.
Question No: 56 ( M a r k s: 5 )
According to the values given in the following table, calculate the injections at each level of output.
Output (Y) | Saving (S) | Gross Imports (M) | Gross investment (I) | Gross exports (X) | Govt. Expenditures (G) | Taxes (T) |
650 | 80 | 80 | 104 | 97 | 116 | 10 |
700 | 90 | 80 | 119 | 97 | 116 | 10 |
750 | 100 | 80 | 130 | 97 | 116 | 10 |
800 | 110 | 80 | 139 | 97 | 116 | 10 |
900 | 120 | 80 | 146 | 97 | 116 | 10 |
(M a r k s: 1 for each)
Question No: 57 ( M a r k s: 5 )
World Bank suggests some structural reform policies for the poor countries to grow. Discuss those policies briefly.
Question No: 58 ( M a r k s: 10 )
What is meant by marginal disutility of work? From the information given below, calculate the marginal cost and average cost at each level of output.
Online Economics Course |
Output | Total Cost | Marginal Cost | Average Cost |
50 | 60,000 | ? | ? |
100 | 60,000 | ? | ? |
150 | 60,000 | ? | ? |
200 | 60,000 | ? | ? |
250 | 60,000 | ? | ? |
300 | 60,000 | ? | ? |
(M a r k s: 2+8)
Question No: 59 ( M a r k s: 10 )
Show the impact of following policies on IS-LM framework with the help of diagrams.
a) Expansionary monetary policy.
b) Expansionary fiscal policy.
(Note: Draw separate figure for both parts)
(M a r k s: 5+5)
